Pressure, Force & Hydraulic Press

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Pressure (Pa, kPa, bar, psi, kgf/cm²) from force and area, force from pressure, and the ram force of a hydraulic press from plunger and ram diameters or areas

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Enter the values

What to work out

Force (F)

Area (A)

Result

Pressure

2,000kPa

Pressure: 20,00,000 Pa
Pressure: 2 MPa
Pressure: 20 bar
Pressure: 290.08 psi
Pressure: 20.394 kgf/cm²

Working

A = 25 cm² = 0.0025 m²
P = F ÷ A = 5000 ÷ 0.0025 = 2000000 Pa = 20 bar

Formulas

P = F ÷ A
F = P × A
F₂ = F₁ × A₂ ÷ A₁ = F₁ × (d₂ ÷ d₁)² (Pascal's law)
A = π d² ÷ 4
1 bar = 10⁵ Pa, 1 kgf/cm² = 98 066.5 Pa, 1 psi = 6894.76 Pa

P: pressure
F: force
A: area
F₁, A₁, d₁: small piston (plunger)
F₂, A₂, d₂: large piston (ram)

Assumptions

The force acts at right angles and is spread evenly over the area.
For the hydraulic press, friction and leakage are ignored (Pascal's law, ideal case); both pistons at the same level.
Pressure here is gauge pressure — atmospheric pressure is not added.

Sources: R. K. Bansal, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines · R. S. Khurmi, A Textbook of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

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